Cassiterite
A species of Rutile Group, Also known as Needle-Tin Ore, Nadelzinnerz, Tin Spar Scientific name : Cassiterite Mineral Group : Rutile Group
Cassiterite, A species of Rutile Group
Also known as:
Needle-Tin Ore, Nadelzinnerz, Tin Spar
Scientific name: Cassiterite
Mineral Group: Rutile Group
Content
Description People often ask General Info
Description
Cassiterite is a vital mineral that is the world's foremost source of tin. To get to usable forms of cassiterite, miners must excavate deep into the earth, where they can find masses snuggled up against geothermal veins. It can be completely clear when pure, but the presence of iron can turn it brown or black.
Physical Properties
Colors
Black, yellow, brown, red, white
Luster
GreasyMetallicAdamantine
Diaphaneity
TransparentToOpaque
Refractive Index
1.990-2.105
Birefringence
0.096-0.098
Pleochroism
Weak to strong: green-yellow, brown, red-brown
Dispersion
0.071
Optical Character
Biaxial positive
Chemical Properties
Chemical Classification
Oxides
Formula
SnO2
Elements listed
O, Sn
Common Impurities
Fe, Ta, Nb, Zn, W, Mn, Sc, Ge, In, Ga
People often ask
General Info
Healing Properties
Cassiterite offers much healing for those overcoming feelings of rejection, helping them to release the negative energy and allowing spiritual growth. The stone is powerful enough that even small pieces are useful for protection against danger. Often found beneficial when a person is facing death, it has been said to help alleviate the fear one might feel when passing from this world to the next.
How to Select
Transparent cassiterite is preferred, although opaque material is more common. The most desired hues are colorless, yellow, and pale brown. "Wood tin" is a popular variety of cassiterite that is opaque and color-banded. Cabochons are made from specimens that show red, pink, and creamy white bands, which are rarer and more valuable than the usual browns and blacks shown by this material. There are no known common fakes or imitations of cassiterite on the market today.
Usage
Cassiterite is the most important source of tin in the world. Tin is an essential metal used in plates, cans, containers, solders, and polishing compounds and alloys. More attractive specimens of cassiterite are used as gemstones, either in jewelry or mineral collections.
Formation
Most sources of cassiterite today are found in alluvial or placer deposits containing the resistant weathered grains. The best sources of primary cassiterite are found in the tin mines of Bolivia, where it is found in hydrothermal veins. Rwanda has a nascent cassiterite mining industry. Fighting over cassiterite deposits (particularly in Walikale) is a major cause of the conflict waged in eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This has led to cassiterite being considered a conflict mineral. Cassiterite is a widespread minor constituent of igneous rocks. The Bolivian veins and the old exhausted workings of Cornwall, England, are concentrated in high temperature quartz veins and pegmatites associated with granitic intrusives. The veins commonly contain tourmaline, topaz, fluorite, apatite, wolframite, molybdenite, and arsenopyrite. The mineral occurs extensively in Cornwall as surface deposits on Bodmin Moor, for example, where there are extensive traces of an hydraulic mining method known as streaming. The current major tin production comes from placer or alluvial deposits in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Maakhir region of Somalia, and Russia. Hydraulic mining methods are used to concentrate mined ore, a process which relies on the high specific gravity of the SnO2 ore, of about 7.0.